India's Fast Breeder Reactor Reaches Criticality

India's Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor achieved a major milestone on April 6, 2026, when it reached criticality at the Kalpakkam site in Tamil Nadu, marking the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction in the country's advanced nuclear program. This breakthrough, developed indigenously over more than two decades, positions India as only the second nation after Russia to operate a commercial-scale fast breeder reactor, enhancing its path toward energy independence.

The 500-megawatt reactor, built by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited in collaboration with over 200 Indian industries, uses plutonium-uranium mixed oxide fuel and liquid sodium coolant. Unlike conventional reactors, it produces more fissile material than it consumes, allowing efficient use of limited uranium resources and paving the way for thorium-based power. Officials expect the plant to generate carbon-free electricity for around 500,000 homes once fully operational and connected to the grid, following low-power tests in the coming months.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi described the achievement as a "proud moment for India," stating on social media that the reactor "reflects the depth of our scientific...