Illinois Bans AI Tools for Direct Therapy, Allows Admin Use

Illinois has become the first state to ban the use of artificial intelligence tools, including chatbots, for delivering therapy or psychotherapy. The Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act, HB 1806, was signed into law by the governor and prohibits healthcare providers from using AI to interact directly with patients, make therapeutic decisions, or design treatment plans. Violations can carry fines of up to $10,000 per offense. The law, however, allows therapists to use AI for administrative tasks such as scheduling and documentation, making clear that AI can assist but not replace professional clinical judgment.

The legislation reflects a widening concern that AI-powered mental health tools, while potentially helpful for accessibility, pose safety risks when used as stand-alone therapy. Advocates for the bill, including the National Association of Social Workers, pointed to increasing reports of patients interacting with AI systems they believed to be human therapists, sometimes with dangerous consequences. The bill’s supporters frame it as a necessary safeguard to ensure that mental health care remains in the hands of trained professionals who prioritize...