Cochrane Review: Exercise Equals Therapy, Meds for Depression

A new evidence review published by the Cochrane Library has found that exercise can reduce symptoms of depression as effectively as psychological therapy or antidepressant medication, offering a safe and accessible treatment option for millions affected by the condition worldwide.

The review, led by researchers at the University of Lancashire in the UK, analyzed 73 randomized controlled trials involving nearly 5,000 adults diagnosed with mild, moderate or severe depression. Participants in the studies, which spanned several weeks to months, engaged in various forms of physical activity, from light tasks like walking or gardening to more intense efforts such as jogging or weight training. Compared to no treatment or control groups, exercise produced a moderate reduction in symptoms, including persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, sleep disturbances and feelings of hopelessness. When directly compared to cognitive behavioral therapy in 10 trials, exercise showed similar effects, supported by moderate-certainty evidence. Against antidepressants in five trials, the outcomes were comparable, though the evidence quality was rated low due to limited data.